Kusamva kuvala kumatanthauza kupirira mikangano.

Zosamva kuvala
Kusamva kuvala kumatanthauza kupirira mikangano.

tanthauzo:
Ndi mtundu watsopano wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi magetsi apadera, maginito, kuwala, phokoso, kutentha, makina, mankhwala ndi biological ntchito.
Mawu Oyamba
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zosagwirizana ndi kuvala ndi ntchito zambiri.Gulu lalikulu lamakampani apamwamba kwambiri likupangidwa, lomwe lili ndi chiyembekezo chamsika wotakata kwambiri komanso kufunikira kofunikira kwambiri.Zipangizo zosamva kuvala zimatha kugawidwa muzinthu zazing'ono, ma optoelectronic, ma sensor, zidziwitso, zida zamankhwala, zachilengedwe, zida zamagetsi, ndi zida zanzeru (zanzeru) malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.Popeza takhala tikuwona zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi monga gulu lapadera la zipangizo zatsopano, zida zatsopano zosavala zomwe zimatchulidwa apa ndizo zida zazikulu zosavala kupatula zida zamagetsi.

zotsatira
Zida zosavala zovala ndizofunika kwambiri pamunda wa zipangizo zatsopano ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa ndi kuthandizira chitukuko chapamwamba.Pakafukufuku wazinthu zatsopano zapadziko lonse lapansi, zida zosavala zimakhala pafupifupi 85%.Kubwera kwa gulu lachidziwitso, zida zapadera zosagwirizana ndi kuvala zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa ndikuthandizira chitukuko chaukadaulo wapamwamba.Ndizinthu zofunika kwambiri pazaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri monga chidziwitso, biology, mphamvu, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndi malo m'zaka za zana la 21.Iwo akhala maiko padziko lonse lapansi.Cholinga cha kafukufuku ndi chitukuko m'munda wa zipangizo zatsopano ndi hotspot ya mpikisano njira pa chitukuko cha luso mkulu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse.

Kafukufuku
Poganizira za udindo wofunikira wa zida zosagwirizana ndi kuvala, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi amawona kufunikira kwa kafukufuku waukadaulo wazinthu zosavala.Mu 1989, asayansi a ku America oposa 200 analemba lipoti la "Material Science and Materials Engineering m'zaka za m'ma 1990", kutanthauza kuti 5 mwa mitundu 6 ya zipangizo zothandizidwa ndi boma ndi zipangizo zosavala.Zida zapadera zosagwirizana ndi kuvala ndi matekinoloje azinthu zidapanga gawo lalikulu la lipoti la "American National Key Technology", lomwe limasinthidwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse kuyambira 1995 mpaka 2001. Mu 2001, Seventh Technology Forecast Research Report yoperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamaphunziro, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Policy Research Institute inalemba mitu yofunika 100 yokhudza tsogolo.Mitu yoposa theka la mituyo inali zipangizo zatsopano kapena mitu yomwe imadalira chitukuko cha zipangizo zatsopano, ndipo zambiri mwa izo Zina ndizovala zosavala.European Union's Sixth Framework Programme ndi National Programme yaku South Korea yaphatikiza ukadaulo wazinthu zosavala ngati imodzi mwamaukadaulo ofunikira kwambiri pamalingaliro awo aposachedwa aukadaulo kuti athandizire kwambiri.Maiko onse akugogomezera ntchito yaikulu ya zipangizo zosavala potukula chuma cha dziko lawo, kuteteza chitetezo cha dziko, kukonza thanzi la anthu ndi kuwongolera moyo wa anthu.

Gulu
Gulu la zinthu zosavala
Kutengera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, zinthu zosamva kuvala zitha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri: osamva kuvala pamwamba komanso osamva makina.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mphero za mpira mu migodi yazitsulo, zomangira simenti, mphamvu zamagetsi, mpweya wa flue desulfurization, zida zamaginito, mankhwala, matope amadzi a malasha, pellets, slag, ufa wopitilira muyeso, phulusa la ntchentche, calcium carbonate, mchenga wa quartz ndi mafakitale ena. .