Kusavala kumatanthauza kupirira mikangano.

Zosavala
Kusavala kumatanthauza kupirira mikangano.

tanthauzo:
Ndi mtundu watsopano wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi magetsi apadera, maginito, kuwala, phokoso, kutentha, makina, mankhwala ndi biological ntchito.
Mawu Oyamba
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zosagwirizana ndi kuvala ndi ntchito zambiri.Gulu lalikulu lazamalonda apamwamba likupangidwa, lomwe liri ndi chiyembekezo chamsika wotakata kwambiri komanso kufunikira kofunikira kwambiri.Zida zosamva kuvala zitha kugawidwa muzinthu zazing'ono zamagetsi, zida za optoelectronic, ma sensor, zida zodziwitsira, zida zamankhwala, zachilengedwe, zida zamagetsi, ndi zida zanzeru (zanzeru) malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.Popeza takhala tikuwona zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi monga gulu lapadera la zipangizo zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano zosavala zomwe zimatchulidwa apa ndizo zikuluzikulu zosagwirizana ndi zipangizo zamagetsi.

zotsatira
Zida zosavala zovala ndizofunika kwambiri pamunda wa zipangizo zatsopano ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa ndi kuthandizira chitukuko chapamwamba.Pakafukufuku wazinthu zatsopano zapadziko lonse lapansi, zida zosavala zimakhala pafupifupi 85%.Kubwera kwa gulu lachidziwitso, zida zapadera zosagwirizana ndi kuvala zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa ndikuthandizira chitukuko chaukadaulo wapamwamba.Ndizinthu zofunika kwambiri pazaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri monga chidziwitso, biology, mphamvu, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndi malo m'zaka za zana la 21.Iwo akhala maiko padziko lonse lapansi.Cholinga cha kafukufuku ndi chitukuko m'munda wa zipangizo zatsopano ndi hotspot ya mpikisano njira pa chitukuko cha luso mkulu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse.

Kafukufuku
Poganizira za udindo wofunikira wa zida zosavala, maiko padziko lonse lapansi amawona kufunikira kwakukulu ku kafukufuku waukadaulo wazinthu zosavala.Mu 1989, asayansi a ku America oposa 200 analemba lipoti la "Material Science and Materials Engineering m'zaka za m'ma 1990", kutanthauza kuti 5 mwa mitundu 6 ya zipangizo zothandizidwa ndi boma ndi zipangizo zosavala.Zida zapadera zosagwirizana ndi kuvala ndi matekinoloje azinthu zidapanga gawo lalikulu la lipoti la "American National Key Technology", lomwe lidasinthidwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse kuyambira 1995 mpaka 2001. Mu 2001, Seventh Technology Forecast Research Report yoperekedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamaphunziro, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Policy Research Institute inatchula mitu yofunika 100 yokhudza tsogolo.Mitu yoposa theka la mituyo inali zipangizo zatsopano kapena mitu yomwe imadalira chitukuko cha zipangizo zatsopano, ndipo zambiri mwazo Zina ndizovala zosavala.European Union's Sixth Framework Programme ndi South Korea National Programme zaphatikiza umisiri wazinthu zosavala ngati imodzi mwamakina ofunikira pamalingaliro awo aposachedwa aukadaulo kuti athandizire kwambiri.Mayiko onse akugogomezera ntchito yaikulu ya zipangizo zosavala potukula chuma cha dziko lawo, kuteteza chitetezo cha dziko, kukonza thanzi la anthu ndi kuwongolera moyo wa anthu.

Gulu
Gulu la zinthu zosavala
Kutengera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, zinthu zosavala zimatha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri: osamva kuvala komanso osamva makina.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mphero za mpira m'migodi yazitsulo, zomangira simenti, mphamvu zamagetsi, kutulutsa mpweya wa flue, maginito, mankhwala, matope amadzi a malasha, ma pellets, slag, ufa wopitilira muyeso, phulusa la ntchentche, calcium carbonate, mchenga wa quartz ndi mafakitale ena. .